China, one of the world’s oldest civilizations, has long managed the movement of people across its borders. The history of Chinese visas is a reflection of the country’s evolving political landscape, economic development, and diplomatic relations. From ancient travel permits to the modern visa system, China has continuously adapted its immigration policies to balance security with international exchange.

Ancient Travel and Early Border Control

In ancient China, movement across regions was often regulated by local rulers and dynasties. During the Han Dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE), officials issued travel permits to merchants and envoys traveling along the Silk Road, one of the world’s most famous trade routes. These documents functioned similarly to visas, allowing passage through different territories while ensuring control over foreign interactions.

During the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE), China became a major hub for international trade, culture, and diplomacy. Foreigners, especially from Central Asia, Persia, and even Europe, needed official permission to enter the empire. The Chinese government required foreign visitors to register upon arrival, much like today’s visa application process.

The Ming and Qing Dynasties: Increasing Restrictions

As China’s rulers became more concerned with security and maintaining control over foreign influences, travel regulations became stricter. The Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) introduced official border passes to regulate trade and diplomacy. Foreign traders and diplomats were required to present credentials before entering China.

The Qing Dynasty (1644–1912) took this control even further, especially after Western powers began increasing their presence in China. The empire restricted foreign travel to specific ports and implemented a “closed-door” policy. This was particularly evident in the Canton System, which limited foreign trade to the port of Guangzhou (Canton). Foreign merchants had to obtain special permits—early forms of visas—to conduct business.

The 20th Century: The Birth of the Modern Chinese Visa System

With the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1912 and the rise of the Republic of China, a more structured visa system began to take shape. China began issuing official visas to regulate the entry of foreigners, particularly as international diplomacy and trade expanded.

However, the political landscape changed dramatically in 1949 when the People’s Republic of China (PRC) was established. Under Mao Zedong’s leadership, China adopted strict entry and exit policies. Travel to and from China was heavily restricted, with very few visas issued to foreigners. Only diplomats, select businesspeople, and those with government approval were allowed entry.

Reform and Opening: The Evolution of Modern Visas

China’s visa policies began to change in the late 20th century, particularly under Deng Xiaoping’s reforms in the 1980s. As China opened up to the world and pursued economic growth, the country introduced more structured visa categories.

In 1985, China officially established its Visa Law, which categorized visas based on purpose, including tourism, business, study, and work. This marked the beginning of China’s modern visa system, encouraging more foreign visitors while maintaining government control over immigration.

21st Century: E-Visas, Visa-Free Travel, and Changing Policies

Today, China’s visa system is among the most structured in the world, reflecting its global influence and economic power. Some key developments include:

• Visa-Free Policies: China has signed visa-free agreements with several countries for short-term visits, particularly in Asia and South America.
• E-Visa and 72/144-Hour Transit Visas: China introduced electronic visa applications and transit visa exemptions for travelers passing through major cities like Beijing and Shanghai.
• Work and Business Visas: As China became a global business hub, new visa categories (such as the Talent Visa for skilled professionals) were introduced.
• COVID-19 Impact: During the pandemic, China imposed some of the strictest travel restrictions in the world. However, by 2023, it began reissuing visas and relaxing entry rules.

Conclusion

The history of Chinese visas mirrors the country’s broader political and economic transformations. From ancient Silk Road travel permits to modern e-visas, China has continually adapted its visa policies to suit its national interests.

As China continues to strengthen its global ties, visa regulations will likely evolve further, balancing security concerns with the need to attract international tourists, investors, and skilled workers.

If you’re headed to China to teach, the visa process can feel a bit daunting. No to worry though, we’ve created this guide to help walk you through the work visa process, as well as to help you figure out which other visas your family members will need if you’re bringing them along.

The visas that are relevant for teachers headed to China:

• Z Visa – Work visa
• L Visa – Tourist visa
• S Visa – Relative visa
• D Visa – Residence visa

Getting a Visa in China

To legally teach in China, you’ll need to obtain a work visa through your employer or a service.

Sometimes employers will have you come over to China on a tourist visa, but you’ll need to have them convert it to a work visa prior to beginning your job.

If you’re bringing your spouse along with you, they’ll need to acquire a relative visa & relative residence permit. The same goes for your children.

Lastly, as a teacher, you’ll need to get a residence permit/visa from your school once you’re in China and teaching. This allows you to stay in the country long-term while you teach.

Z Visa (work visa)

Required documents:

In order to begin the process of obtaining a Z visa, you first need to have signed a contract of employment with an employer in China.

Your employer then obtains two pieces of documentation. The first of these is the “Work Permit,” and the other is the “Invitation Letter.” Both documents must be submitted with your visa application. The Chinese Consulates will require your Work Permit to be in both Chinese and English, so keep this in mind when you discuss this process with your employer. 

Your employer requires your CV, a reference letter, apostilled versions of your university degree(s), teaching certificates, and background check, as well as a photocopy of your passport to obtain these documents.

Only schools that are legally allowed to hire foreigners are able to provide these documents. Furthermore, you will likely need to undergo a medical check, both/either in your home country and/or in China.

Fill out the COVA Form. Make sure you answer every question, and when you’re done, print it out (in color) and sign it in wet ink. Black ink is typically more accepted. 

Create photocopies of the biopage of your passport, your latest Chinese Visa (if you have one), and proof of residency. These will all need to be printed out (in color) to apply for your visa.

If your last name has changed since your last Chinese visa, you must provide proof of your name change. 

Document authentication:

To get a Z visa in China, you must apostille your degree and background check. You almost always need to apostille your teaching credential (TEFL, teaching license, or letter of experience) as well, though in rare cases, it won’t be necessary.

If you’re bringing your spouse and/or children, you’ll also need to apostille your marriage license and the birth certificates of your children to apply for their S visas. 

The document authentication process can get quite complicated. You can order this service through us, or you can choose to read more information about it on our website.

Obtaining a Z visa:

Once your employer has sent you the required documents, you may then apply for a Z visa. Along with your passport, you will need to submit these documents to the Chinese Embassy in your home country. Make sure you are submitting your documents to the correct Chinese Consulate as they all have different jurisdictions and your application will be denied if it goes to the wrong one. 

If you don’t currently reside near a consulate you’ll need to use a visa agent to submit your visa paperwork to the consulate or embassy for you, as it has to be done in person. Teaching Nomad can submit your application on your behalf. 

Order visa service

Depending on processing time, in a few days or a week, you will get your passport back in the mail with a temporary “Z visa” inside. This temporary visa is good for 30 days and is designed for you to enter China.

Registering with the police:

You must register your stay with the local police within 15 days of your arrival in China. You will need your passport for this and usually a copy of your lease. The police will provide you with a “Registration Form of Temporary Residence.” Failure to obtain this document may result in steep fines. If you are residing in a hotel or hostel, the hotel staff can usually do this for you on the spot.

Finishing the process:

Once you’re in China, your school will assist you in converting your temporary visa into a “Foreign Expert Certification” or “Alien Employment Permit” along with a “Residence Permit”.

This process could take around a month. In the meantime, the government requires you to have a physical exam done. Even if you’ve already had one done elsewhere, you’ll likely need to do it again in China.

L Visa (tourist visa)

Obtaining an L visa:

Sometimes your Chinese employer will have you enter China on a tourist visa while they work on preparing the documents that you’ll need to get your work or Z visa. This is perfectly normal, but you cannot work on this visa.

Going to China on a tourist visa allows you to have some settling in time, which is great for teachers that have never lived in China before.

To get an L visa for China, you will either need to go to the appropriate consulate in person or hire an agent to do it on your behalf. If you’re a U.S. citizen, Teaching Nomad can obtain this for you.

 

Order visa service

Once you place an order, we’ll get back to you with more details on next steps.

Things to know:

L visas can be single-entry, double-entry, or multiple-entry, and the duration of your stay can be 30-90 days, so choose wisely. You’ll need to get your Z visa within the time frame that your L visa is good for, otherwise, you’ll need to leave the country.

S Visa (relative visa)

Obtaining an S visa:

The S visa works in a similar manner to the Z visa. The person that is teaching in China will get the invitation letter and work permit so that they can get their Z visa.

The teacher’s spouse and children will also use these documents to apply for their S visas. Once you have arrived in China on an S visa, you will need to get your residence permit. The teacher’s school will often help with this process and you can all get your residence permits at the same time.

D Visa (residence visa)

Obtaining a D visa:

Once you have your Z visa in China, you’ll need to apply for a residence permit/visa. This allows you to live and work in China for an extended period of time. If you get caught living in China without a residence visa after a certain period of time, there are serious consequences.

Your employer will likely help you obtain your residence permit/visa through the proper government authority. You need to apply for this within 30 days of your arrival in China.

Still looking for a teaching position in China? Check out our job board!

Available jobs in China

Check out the visa info sheet:

 

Teaching English in China provides a wide array of opportunities depending on the type of institution, each offering unique experiences and benefits. Here’s an in-depth look at the main types of schools and organizations where you might find yourself working:

1. Public Schools

Public schools in China are an excellent choice for teachers looking for structured schedules and a chance to make a broad impact.

• Age Groups: Public schools typically serve primary, middle, and high school students.
• Class Sizes: Classes tend to be larger, ranging from 30 to 50 students. While this may feel daunting, the students are often respectful and eager to learn.
• Teaching Style: The curriculum is usually set, which means less lesson planning but also limited flexibility to introduce creative content.
• Schedule: Teachers in public schools generally work from Monday to Friday, with weekends off and public holidays observed.
• Benefits: These roles often come with perks like free housing or a housing allowance, flight reimbursements, and long paid vacations during the summer and winter breaks.

2. Private Language Centers

Language centers cater to students of all ages, from young children to working adults, who are keen to improve their English skills.

• Flexible Hours: Unlike public schools, language centers typically operate during afternoons, evenings, and weekends, making them ideal for night owls or those who want mornings free.
• Smaller Classes: Classes are usually smaller, with around 4 to 12 students, allowing for more personalized interaction.
• Focus Areas: These institutions often emphasize conversational English, business English, or test preparation (e.g., IELTS, TOEFL).
• Dynamic Environment: Language centers are fast-paced and often require more energy, as teachers may need to create engaging, interactive lessons to keep students motivated.

3. International Schools

International schools in China offer some of the best teaching opportunities for qualified professionals.

• High Standards: These schools often follow Western curricula, such as the International Baccalaureate (IB), British GCSE/A-Level, or American Advanced Placement (AP).
• Compensation: Salaries and benefits are among the highest in the industry, with generous housing allowances, health insurance, and paid vacations.
• Small Classes: Class sizes are smaller, usually capped at 20 students, allowing for a more tailored teaching approach.
• Student Diversity: Students come from expatriate families or affluent Chinese families seeking an international education for their children.

4. Universities

Teaching at a university level is ideal for those who prefer older students and a more academic environment.

• Class Size: University classes are relatively small, typically ranging from 20 to 40 students.
• Teaching Load: The workload is light compared to other institutions, with around 12–16 teaching hours per week. This allows for more free time to pursue hobbies, travel, or even learn Chinese.
• Focus Areas: University courses often emphasize oral English, academic writing, and cultural exchange.
• Lifestyle: These roles offer a more relaxed pace of life, and many universities provide on-campus housing.

5. Kindergartens

For those who love working with young children, kindergartens provide a vibrant and playful teaching environment.

• Interactive Lessons: Classes are highly interactive, incorporating songs, games, and storytelling.
• Age Group: Students are typically aged 3 to 6 years, making patience and enthusiasm essential qualities for teachers.
• Work Schedule: Kindergartens operate during standard school hours, with weekends off.

6. Private Tutoring

Private tutoring is a popular side job or full-time option for many teachers in China.

• Earnings: Tutoring offers high hourly rates, often double or triple the pay of regular teaching jobs.
• Flexibility: You can set your own schedule and take on as many or as few students as you like.
• Customized Lessons: Tutors often tailor their lessons to individual student needs, focusing on specific goals like exam preparation or conversational fluency.

7. Online Teaching Platforms

With the rise of digital education, many teachers also work for online platforms teaching students across China.

• Convenience: These jobs allow you to teach from anywhere with a stable internet connection.
• Flexible Hours: Classes are often held early in the morning or late at night to accommodate students’ schedules.
• Tech-Savvy: Lessons are conducted through virtual classrooms, requiring some familiarity with online teaching tools.

Conclusion

Whether you’re teaching in a bustling city at a public school or working in a rural private language center, each type of institution offers a unique lens into Chinese culture and education. By understanding the nuances of these options, you can find a role that aligns with your professional goals and personal preferences.

Picture this: you figured out which documents you needed to have to apply for your visa to China. You have your itenerary planned, your passport is up to date, all your documents are safely tucked in a folder. You go to check if you can mail in your visa application to the Chinese Embassy and then you notice two things; visa applications have to be submitted in person and the Embassy in DC only accepts applications from specific states!

 

If this situation sounds familiar, we’re here to help. Below we’ll outline the Chinese Consulates’ map and their jurisdictions so you don’t have to be confused about where your documents need to go.

 

The Map

 

The Jurisdictions

 

Chinese Embassy

Visa Office Address: 2201 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Suite110, Washington, D.C. 20007 U.S.A.

Alabama	Mississippi	West Virginia
Arkansas	North Carolina	Washington DC
Delaware	Oklahoma
Florida	South Carolina
Georgia	Puerto Rico
Kentucky	Tennessee
Louisiana	Texas
Maryland	Virginia

 

Chinese Consulate General in Chicago

Visa Office Address: 1 East Erie Street, Suite 500, Chicago, IL 60611 

Illinois	North Dakota
Indiana	South Dakota
Iowa	Wisconsin
Kansas
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska

 

Chinese Consulate General in San Francisco

Visa Office Address: 1450 Laguna Street, San Francisco, CA94115

Alaska

Idaho

Montana

Nevada

Northern California

Oregon

Washington

Wyoming

 

Chinese Consulate General in Los Angeles

Visa Office Address:  443 Shatto Place, Los Angeles, CA 90020

Arizona

Colorado

Hawaii

New Mexico

Southern California

U.S. Pacific Islands

Utah

 

Chinese Consulate General in New York

Visa Office Address: 520 12th Ave., New York, NY 10036

Connecticut	Rhode Island
Maine	Vermont
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Ohio
Pennsylvania

Embarking on a journey abroad isn’t just about changing your address – it’s about transforming your life. Having been a guiding companion to many brave souls who’ve ventured beyond their comfort zones, we’ve seen firsthand the rich experiences and growth opportunities that await. For Americans eyeing the vibrant mosaic of global opportunities, here’s a rundown of the top 10 jobs that can be both your passport to the world and a path to personal enrichment.

1. Teach English as a Foreign Language
“The classroom was my gateway to the world,” shared Emily, a vibrant educator from Colorado who found her calling in South Korea. Teaching English abroad isn’t just a job; it’s a chance to touch lives while immersing yourself in new cultures. With a TEFL certification, doors fling wide open in virtually every corner of the globe.

2. Tech & IT Specialist
From the bustling tech hubs of Bangalore to the innovative landscapes of Berlin, tech talents have a global ticket. Being a part of this digitally connected world means your skills in cybersecurity, software development, or network administration are in demand, everywhere. “I code from beaches and coffee shops,” tells Jamal, a software developer enjoying the digital nomad lifestyle.

3. Healthcare Professional
Nurses, doctors, and medical specialists are universally needed. Venturing abroad, you’re not just taking a step in your career; you’re stepping into roles where you can make significant impacts. “Every day presents new challenges, but also immeasurable rewards,” says Lisa, a nurse who’s been part of medical missions across Africa.

4. International NGO Worker
If making a difference sparks joy in you, working for an international NGO can be exceptionally fulfilling. “It’s about being part of something bigger,” reflects Alex, who works in disaster relief. The work is hard, the hours long, but the difference you make is real and tangible.

5. Hospitality & Tourism Expert
With the right blend of service excellence and a knack for management, the hospitality sector offers a world of opportunities. “I started on a resort in Mexico, and now I’m managing one in Thailand,” shares Mia, whose career has been a journey in itself.

6. Digital Marketer
In the digital age, the world is your audience. Specialists in SEO, social media, and content creation are crafting their lifestyles around the markets they serve. “I work with clients across three continents, and I’ve never felt more connected,” beams Carlos, a digital marketing consultant.

7. Foreign Service Officer
Representing your country abroad is not just an occupation; it’s an honor. Foreign service officers tackle diverse roles from diplomacy to policy development. “Every posting is a new adventure, a new challenge to understand and appreciate our host country,” reflects Sarah.

8. Business Analyst/Consultant
Companies around the world are looking for insights to drive their strategic decisions. “From startups in Silicon Valley to family businesses in Milan, the principles of good business translate globally,” notes Raj, a business consultant.

9. Freelance Writer/Photographer
Telling stories through words or images isn’t confined by geographic boundaries. For creatives like Tom, a travel photographer, the world is both muse and marketplace. “My office changes with the light and landscape,” he says.

10. Construction and Engineering
Infrastructure knows no borders. Engineers and construction managers are building the world, literally, from the skyscrapers in Dubai to renewable energy projects in Chile. “Every project is a bridge to a new culture,” muses Elena, a civil engineer.

Stepping into a job abroad is more than a career choice; it’s a life decision. There will be challenges, from navigating cultural differences to mastering new social norms, but remember, you’re not alone. “The support from Teaching Nomad was pivotal. They didn’t just find me a job; they helped me find a new home,” shares Oliver, whose journey led him to teach in China.

Embrace the adventure, the learning, the growth. Every corner of the world holds a story waiting for you to be part of it. Whether you’re an educator, a digital nomad, or a global healthcare provider, your skills can open doors to experiences you’ve never imagined. We’re here to help transform your ambitions into reality, supporting you every step of the way.

Hello, global adventurer! Have you ever felt that thrilling pulse at the idea of packing your bags and immersing yourself in a new culture, all while making a profound impact? Well, becoming an ESL (English as a Second Language) teacher might just be your ticket to that unforgettable journey!

Who Is an ESL Teacher?

At its heart, an ESL teacher is more than just an instructor – they are gatekeepers to the world.

“Teaching English abroad isn’t just about grammar and textbooks. It’s about expanding horizons, both yours and your students’, and opening doors that lead to mutual understanding and respect,” says Jamie, who taught English in Vietnam.

ESL teachers help students from non-English-speaking backgrounds learn the nuances of English enabling them to live, work, and thrive in an English-speaking environment. This role is crucial in today’s globalized world, where English is often the lingua franca in international business, education, and digital communication.

What Qualifications Do You Need?

To embark on this enriching path, most starting points include having a bachelor’s degree (in any field) and a TEFL (Teaching English as a Foreign Language) or TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) certification. While a degree in education or English can be advantageous, it’s your certification that really prepares you for the classroom dynamics and teaching specifics.

But let’s not forget, it’s also about the soft skills! Being adaptable, patient, and culturally sensitive are key traits of a successful ESL teacher. Every classroom overseas comes with its own set of challenges and cultural nuances, and your ability to navigate these with empathy and enthusiasm will make all the difference.

Where Can This Path Take You?

The world is literally your classroom! From the bustling cities of Japan to the historic landscapes of Italy, ESL teachers are in demand worldwide. Schools, businesses, and private students all seek the expertise of skilled educators. Added to this is the flexibility of contract terms, which can range from a few months to several years – you choose what suits your adventurous spirit best!

Overcoming Challenges with Grace

Moving to a new country comes with its own set of challenges. Adapting to local customs, learning a new language, and finding your community might seem daunting at first.

But as Emma, who taught in South Korea, shares, “The initial challenge is part of the adventure. I learned so much about myself, made friends from around the world, and even picked up Korean! The support from fellow ESL teachers was invaluable!”

And remember, you’re not alone in this. With organizations like Teaching Nomad, you have a constant companion guiding you through visa processes, job placements, and cultural training. We’re here to ensure that when you step into your new role, you feel prepared, supported, and excited!

Teaching in China is not just a job; it’s an adventure into a new culture, a dive into a deep historical legacy, and a chance to influence future generations profoundly. One of the standout experiences for educators each year occurs on September 10th—Teacher’s Day. This special day offers a unique glimpse into the respect and admiration held for teachers within Chinese culture.

Understanding Teacher’s Day in China

For those new to teaching in China, Teacher’s Day might come as a beautiful surprise. Originally inspired by ancient traditions, where teachers were revered as wise leaders and almost familial figures, the modern celebration retains that deep respect. Teaching in China means you become part of this storied tradition, honored annually in a joyful and heartfelt way across the country.

Celebrations that Bring Joy to Teaching in China

As September rolls around and you find yourself teaching in China, here’s what you can expect on Teacher’s Day:

Recognition and Awards: Chinese schools make a grand affair of Teacher’s Day with ceremonies and awards designed to thank teachers for their hard work and dedication. This acknowledgment not only boosts morale but enhances the teaching experience in China.

Cultural Performances: Immersing yourself in the local culture is a significant part of teaching in China, and Teacher’s Day is a perfect example. Enjoy performances and art showcases by students, celebrating not only their teachers but also their heritage.

Gifts of Appreciation: Receiving gifts from students is common and reflects the generous spirit of respect towards educators. It’s a touching aspect of teaching in China, symbolizing the bond between teacher and student.

Insider Tips for Teachers in China on Teacher’s Day

Embrace the Celebrations: Participating actively in Teacher’s Day activities is a must. It shows your acceptance of and respect for local customs and helps deepen relationships with your students while teaching in China.

Prepare a Thank You Speech: A few words of thanks can go a long way in showing your appreciation and can enhance your connection with the community while teaching in China.

Understand Gift Etiquette: Gifts are a token of respect. Receive them with both hands as a gesture of gratitude. It’s a subtle but important part of the etiquette you’ll get used to while teaching in China.

The Rewards of Teaching in China

Teaching in China offers more than just a cultural exchange; it’s an opportunity to be recognized and respected in a way that is rare and heartening. This respect culminates each year on Teacher’s Day, providing not just a day of celebration but a re-affirmation of the important role teachers play.

According to Emma Richardson, a seasoned teacher in Shanghai, “Teaching in China has been the highlight of my career. Teacher’s Day especially made me feel appreciated and celebrated—a stark contrast to my experiences back home.”

If you’re considering or just beginning your journey teaching in China, look forward to Teacher’s Day as a profound highlight. It’s a day where the nation comes together to honor what you do, and trust us, it feels wonderful to be at the receiving end of such universal respect. Teaching in China is not just about giving lessons; it’s about receiving them too—about culture, respect, and the art of teaching.

Remember, Teaching Nomad is here to help you navigate these new experiences with ease and confidence. Happy Teacher’s Day, and here’s to many more rewarding experiences while teaching in China!